Volume 3 | June 1st, 2023

Introduction:

The rapid advancements in communication technology have paved the way for the upcoming commercialization of 6G, which is expected to take place by 2030. The International Telecommunication Union (ITU) has been instrumental in standardizing each generation of mobile networks, and with each iteration, the time between standardization and deployment has decreased significantly. As we prepare for the era of 6G, we must address the limitations and considerations associated with this groundbreaking technology. In this article, we will explore the challenges and trends surrounding 6G deployment and highlight the key research areas that will shape its future.

1. Reduced Power Consumption and Improved Energy Efficiency:

• Power requirements of 6G are expected to be significantly higher than previous generations due to the deployment of Massive Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology and increased frequency bands.
• Power amplifiers (PAs), digital signal processors (DSPs), and radio frequency ICs (RFICs) contribute to elevated energy consumption in Radio Units (RUs), with PAs accounting for the majority.
• Research efforts focus on improving PA efficiency through power-saving measures during idle periods and implementing techniques like Massive MIMO muting and micro-Discontinuous Transmission (micro-DTX).

2. Integration of Non-Terrestrial Networks (NTN) and Higher-Frequency Sub-Terahertz and Free Space Optical (FSO) Communications:

• 6G aims to integrate Non-Terrestrial Networks, utilizing higher-frequency sub-terahertz and Free Space Optical (FSO) communications via satellites.
• The use of terahertz (THz) frequencies presents challenges similar to millimeter waves, such as limited coverage range, increased power consumption, and susceptibility to environmental factors.
• Researchers explore antenna designs, materials like Indium Phosphide (InP) or Silicon-Germanium (SiGe), and novel Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) to mitigate transmission losses in these frequency ranges.
• Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) offer a promising solution by manipulating electromagnetic characteristics with passive reflecting elements, enabling precise connections using millimeter waves and sub-terahertz waves.

3. Design Considerations for THz Frequencies and Spectrum Utilization:

• The scarcity of spectrum resources and the need for wider bandwidth in 6G drive the utilization of higher-frequency ranges, including terahertz (THz).
• Challenges include limited coverage range, increased power consumption, and susceptibility to environmental factors like rain or fog.
• Antenna designs, material choices like Indium Phosphide (InP) or Silicon-Germanium (SiGe), and novel Digital Signal Processors (DSPs) are under investigation to mitigate transmission losses.
• Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces (RIS) show promise by manipulating wireless signals using passive reflecting elements, enabling connections using millimeter waves and sub-terahertz waves.

3. Conclusion

As we anticipate the commercialization of 6G by 2030, addressing the challenges associated with reduced power consumption, integration of Non-Terrestrial Networks, and the use of higher-frequency ranges will be crucial. Researchers are actively exploring innovative solutions to enhance energy efficiency, optimize spectrum utilization, and extend the coverage range. With the potential of 6G to revolutionize industries and transform our digital experiences, it is essential to invest in research and development to overcome these challenges and unlock the full potential of this next-generation wireless technology.

4. SKILL INDIA:

At Ajuba we recognize the need for semiconductor education in India. Ajuba has started a fortnightly FREE Webinar Series to SKILL (Scientific Knowledge for International Learning & Leadership) India.

Join us on our next webinar is on June 4^th at 8:00p.m IST which will be on “Unlocking the Potential of Semiconductor Technology: Insights, Automation, and Job Opportunities.” This webinar is designed to provide you with valuable insights into the world of semiconductors, explore the role of automation in semiconductor manufacturing, highlight the significance of Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES), and shed light on the diverse job opportunities available in the field.

References:

·       Digitimes Research

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From the Desk of BALJIT SINGH, CEO Ajuba

Email: [email protected]

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